During the 18th century, absolutism reached the top in most
of European states, mainly in France: that was the absolute monarchy. Otherwise in England
the power of Parliament prevailed (parliamentary monarchy).
Enlightenment was a trend of thinking that considered reason
as the way of human beings’ progress.
Enlightened absolutism was a kind of goverment that
appeared from some kings’ attempt of joining absolutism with the ideas of
Enlightenment.
In 18th century international relationships, economic
interests of the European countries, mainly its colonial projection, were
very important.
Mercantilism was an economic policy carried out by European
monarchies since 17th century and during the 18th century. Its main
aim was the nation’s enrichment.
The colonial trade was based mainly on an unequal exchange that
helped the interests of European states; one of its most profitable routes was
the Atlantic slave trade.
The Bourbon kings of Spain, mainly Charles III, carried out a real reform
program with the help of some enlightened ministers.
During the 18th century two artistic styles were successively developed:
the Rococo and the Neoclassicism.
