Text de la Revolució agrària

Ací teniu el text de Paul Mantoux sobre la revolució agrària a Anglaterra. Heu de classificar-lo, situar-lo en el tema i descobrir les seues idees principals, explicant-les i afegint CITES del text:

«Lord Townshend, ambaixador anglés a Holanda i secretari d’Estat, va abandonar la seua carrera política en 1730 i es va retirar a les seues propietats a Norfolk. Inspirant-se en els mètodes que havia vist practicar en els Països Baixos, va drenar el sòl, el va abonar amb fem, va iniciar els cultius que se succeïen en rotacions regulars sense esgotar mai la terra ni deixar-la improductiva, va sembrar prats i farratges per al bestiar. Alguns anomenaven a este senyor d’Anglaterra "Lord Nap". Al cavaller del segle XVII, que havia tret l’espasa en les guerres civils, li succeïx el “Gentleman Farmer”.»

Paul Mantoux, La revolució industrial al segle XVIII (1906)

 

Key points Units 2 & 3 for 4th A

2. Crisis of the Ancien Régime

The crisis of the Ancien Régime began with the American and French revolutions. Both were influded by the ideas of the Enlightenment and at the same time influded in Western Europe.

The victory of the thirteen colonies in the American War of Independence was the first liberal revolution. These were the first colonies to release from the control of a metropolis.

The French Revolution was led by the bourgeoisie and the lower classes against the privileges and inequities of the absolutism, and for a new State in which the nation could exercise its sovereignty.

In the new United States and France, Declarations of Human Rights and constitutions were written in order to give form and legality to the new Liberal State.

The consolidation of the Liberal State was carried out by Napoleon, who strenghtened and renewed its structures, pushing aside the absolutists as well as the democratic radicals.

Napoleon created an empire that spread the influence of the Revolution all over Europe.

In the Restoration, the most powerful European monarchies attempted to return to the absolutism, as well to keep away from the influence of the French Revolution and Napoleon’s Empire.

3. Liberalism and nationalism

Liberalism and nationalism were two ideologies that broke with force in the first half of the 19th century. Both were decisive in the breaking revolutions that took place between 1820 and 1848.

Liberalism spread over Europe due to French Revolution and Napoleon’s Empire, and it was stood up by the bourgeoisie, that aspired to the creation of the Liberal State. This one had to reflect the principles of liberalism, such as national sovereignty and separation of powers.

Nationalism emerged as an ideology in this moment. It was based on the defence of the nation. Previously, the term nation owned only a geographical concept; along with the crisis of the Ancient Régime, the nation meant the amont of people that shared the territory, culture, language...

After the fail of the revolutions of 1820, 1830 and 1848, liberalism managed to prevail as a political model from the 2nd half of the 19th century.

Italy and Germany, that were divided into several states, carried out a unification process influded by nationalist ideas. Piedmont and Prussia, the most developed territories in Italy and Germany respectively, were the leaders of these unifications, succesfully completed in 1870.

Esquema de las unificaciones de Italia y Alemania

ESQUEMA DE LAS UNIFICACIONES
DE ITALIA Y ALEMANIA

•PUNTO DE PARTIDA (MAPA)

  –Configuración del territorio

•TERRITORIO IMPULSOR DE LA UNIFICACIÓN

  –Nombre y forma de gobierno

  –Artífices de la unificación

  –Características del territorio impulsor

•FACTORES DE LA UNIFICACIÓN

  –Políticos y culturales: Influencia de las ideas nacionalistas y liberales

  –Económicos: Intereses de la burguesía por la unificación

•DESARROLLO DEL PROCESO DE UNIFICACIÓN (MAPA)

  –Descripción de los conflictos bélicos

  –Papel de la diplomacia

•CONSECUENCIAS DE LA UNIFICACIÓN

  –Definición política del nuevo Estado unificado

  –Configuración interna y externa del nuevo Estado 

ESQUEMA DE LES UNIFICACIONS
D'ITÀLIA I ALEMANYA

••PUNT DE PARTIDA (MAPA)

–  – Configuració del territori

••TERRITORI IMPULSOR DE LA UNIFICACIÓ

–  – Nom i forma de govern

–  – Artífexs de la unificació

–  – Característiques del territori impulsor

••FACTORS DE LA UNIFICACIÓ

–  – Polítics i culturals: Influència de les idees nacionalistes i liberals

–  – Econòmics: Interessos de la burgesia per la unificació

••DESENROTLLAMENT DEL PROCÉS D'UNIFICACIÓ (MAPA)

–  – Incorporació dels diferents territoris a l'unió

••CONSEQÜÈNCIES DE LA UNIFICACIÓ

–  – Definició política del nou Estat unificat

–  – Configuració interna i externa del nou Estat

Key points Unit 1: Absolutism and Enlightenment (page 31)

During the 18th century, absolutism reached the top in most of European states, mainly in France: that was the absolute monarchy. Otherwise in England the power of Parliament prevailed (parliamentary monarchy).

Enlightenment was a trend of thinking that considered reason as the way of human beings’ progress.

Enlightened absolutism was a kind of goverment that appeared from some kings’ attempt of joining absolutism with the ideas of Enlightenment.

In 18th century international relationships, economic interests of the European countries, mainly its colonial projection, were very important.

Mercantilism was an economic policy carried out by European monarchies since 17th century and during the 18th century. Its main aim was the nation’s enrichment.

The colonial trade was based mainly on an unequal exchange that helped the interests of European states; one of its most profitable routes was the Atlantic slave trade.

The Bourbon kings of Spain, mainly Charles III, carried out a real reform program with the help of some enlightened ministers.

During the 18th century two artistic styles were successively developed: the Rococo and the Neoclassicism.

Guerra de sucesión: la disputa sucesoria

Cuadro genealógico que muestra el parentesco de Felipe de Anjou y el archiduque Carlos con el último monarca de la casa de Austria, Carlos II, fallecido sin descendencia:

Actividad sobre el texto de Montesquieu

En este enlace tenéis una actividad para rellenar huecos, que os puede ayudar a la hora de hacer el comentario de texto:

Texto de Montesquieu

Los botones ? nos dan una pista sobre la palabra en cuestión.
Arriba a la derecha, hay un botón que muestra el texto y una cuenta atrás para leerlo en menos de 1 minuto.

Tests on-line sobre absolutismo e Ilustración

Aquí tenéis unos enlaces a unas actividades on-line de repaso sobre el tema "Absolutismo e Ilustración":

Sociedad estamental: Frases encadenadas 

La sociedad del Antiguo Régimen 

Test sobre el Antiguo Régimen

Test sobre la Ilustración

El nacimiento de la monarquía parlamentaria en Inglaterra

Lo prometido es deuda. Aquí tenéis los esquemas en PDF de las diapositivas del PowerPoint de clase correspondientes al origen de la monarquía parlamentaria en Inglaterra. Están disponibles en los 3 idiomas:

Monarquia parlamentària anglesa (valencià)

Monarquía parlamentaria inglesa (castellano)

English Parliamentary Monarchy (English)

Revolution vs transition

Who said that History and football were enemies? Click on the link below:

Revolution vs transition 

¡Bienvenidos! / Benvinguts! / Welcome!

¡Bienvenidos al blog de la asignatura de Historia 4º ESO!
Benvinguts al blog de l'assignatura d'Història 4rt ESO!
Welcome to the blog of the subject of History 4th ESO!

Textos sobre la 2ª Guerra Mundial

Nuevamente, aquí tenéis una selección de textos históricos sobre la 2ª Guerra Mundial:

Textos 2ª Guerra Mundial

Unit 9: The WWII. Key points

The expansion of the authoritarian regimes, like those of Germany, Italy and Japan, and the weakness and hesitation of the democratic powers (Great Britain and France) to face them, led to the beginning of the Second World War in 1939.

After invading Poland, Germany occupied easily through the Blitzkrieg tactic a great part of Europe during 1940.

In 1941 the war got a new world-wide dimension. After the German invasion, the USSR entered the war. On the other hand, as a result of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the USA declared war on Japan.

The first phase of the war (1939-1942) was characterized by the victories and occupations of the Axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan). On the opposite, in the second phase of the war (1942-1945) the offensive of the Allied forces (the USA, Great Britain and the USSR) took place and they won the war in 1945.

The victors organized the new world order and created an international organisation that had to watch over the world peace: the UNO. The USA and the USSR emerged as new world powers.

The economic and demographic impact of the WWII was gigantic. Europe and Japan remained destroyed and there were 55 million dead.

The great destruction achieved, the Holocaust and the dropping of the atomic bombs caused a great moral impact over the victims.

Selección de textos del Tema 7

Aquí tenéis una amplísima selección de textos históricos sobre el tema 7 "El mundo de entreguerras" divididos en tres bloques, dada la extensión del tema a tratar:

Textos sobre la Revolución Rusa

Textos sobre la economía de entreguerras

Textos sobre el ascenso de los fascismos

Key points Unit 7: Interwar period

The interwar period is the time elapsed between the end of World War I (1918) and the beginning of World War II (1939). During this period important events happened: the Russian Revolution, the Great Depression and the rise of totalitarian regimes.

The negative consequences of the participation of the Russian Empire in the Great War gave rise to the outbreak of the revolution. On the February Revolution of 1917 the Tsar abdicated and a Provisional Government was instituted. The October Revolution of 1917 was led by the bolsheviks and it proclaimed the socialist state. This was the seed of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

In the USA, the period between 1924 and 1929 was a period of economic growing, commonly known as the Roaring Twenties. But it was in fact a ficticious prosperity, due to the severe economic imbalances that resulted in the crisis of the 1930s, the Great Depression.

The democratic regimes established after the WWI became fragile, and some of them turned into dictatorships after a few years. Economic crisis, unemployment, poverty and political and social tensions helped the rise of dictatorial regimes, like the fascism in Italy and the nazism in Germany.

Instrucciones para la exposición del Tema 5

El Tema 5 "España en el siglo XIX" vais a prepararlo por vuestra cuenta y exponerlo en clase de acuerdo con las siguientes instrucciones:

1. Asignación de contenidos: cada alumno se preparará UN único contenido del tema y realizará en una hoja aparte CUATRO EJERCICIOS de ese apartado, a su libre elección*, que serán entregados al profesor el lunes día 10. La asignación de apartados y alumnos es la siguiente:
Punto 1 (págs. 86-87): Adsuar, Atiénzar, Awati, Cortés
Punto 2 (págs. 88-89): Cutillas, Egío, Flores, Fructuoso
Punto 3 (págs. 90-91: García, González, Hurtado, López (2)
Punto 4 (págs. 92-93): Mallol, Mas (4)
Punto 5 (págs. 94-95): Mas Pérez, Montiel, Moreno, Navarro, Pastor
(*Para el grupo 1, el ejercicio 5 es obligatorio)

2. Las exposiciones se realizarán en la clase del LUNES día10. Se podrá disponer de MEDIO FOLIO con un esquema como ayuda, pero no está permitido leer los apuntes. Se procurará relacionar el tema con alguno de los que se ha visto ya en clase.

3. Si alguien quiere realizar un PowerPoint, que me lo envíe a la siguiente dirección: meistersinger1868@gmail.com

Gracias por vuestra atención 

Imperialism and WWI: key points (page no. 123)

Colonialism was the process of territorial expansion in order to get political control and economic exploitation of new territories. Imperialism was the expansive policy carried out mainly by some european countries.

In the last third of the 19th century the great colonial empires were built as a result of the new economic, political, social and ideological needs. The most important colonial powers were United Kingdom, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, USA and Japan.

The consequences of Imperialism were economic, political, demografic, social and cultural.

The World War I took place between 1914 and 1918 and was fought by the Central Powers (the Triple Alliance) against the Allied Powers (the Triple Entente). The Central Powers were led by Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey. The Allied Powers were led by Great Britain, France and Russia. The causes of WWI were based on economic and territorial rivalries, nationalisms and colonial conflicts.

The Great War developed along the following phases: the war of movements (1914), the trench warfare (1915-1916), the crisis of 1917 and the end of the war (1918).

Aftermath: The effects of the WWI were very important: millions of human loss, material destruction, social agitation and political changes (fall of the great empires and creation of new countries).

The Industrial Revolution: key points (page no. 81)

The Industrial Revolution began in the middle of the 18th century in Great Britain. It was helped by the increasing of population, the new technological developments, raw materials and energy resources, communication routes and a bourgeoisie with capital.

The steam power was applied to textile manufacturing, ironworks, railways and ships.

In the latter third of the 19th century a new technological and scientific development was made and it helped the Second Industrial Revolution.

In the Second Industrial Revolution crude oil and electricity were applied as energy resources, and steel and chemical industries were developed.

Besides United Kingdom, other countries like France, Belgium, Germany, the United States and Japan became industrial leaders.

The factory became the most important production site, where machinery and workforce were placed together.

Class society replaced the ancient three estates. The two main social classes were bourgeoisie or capitalist class, who owned the means of production, and proletariat or working class, who only owned its work.

The labour movement wanted to remove class society and it developed across two main doctrines: socialism and anarchism.